INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION


Scouts, or often also called scout or scout (b. England: Scouting) is a youth movement that has penetrated into the whole world. Scouting movement consisting of various youth organizations, in both men and women, which aims to train the physical, mental and spiritual health of the participants and encourage them to do positive activities in the community. This objective is achieved through training programs and non-formal education which prioritizes scouting practical activities in the field. Currently, there are more than 38 million members of the Boy Scouts from 217 countries and territories.

Birth Scout Movement

This movement began in 1907 when Robert Baden-Powell, a lieutenant general of the British armed forces highway, and William Alexander Smith, founder of the Boy's Brigade, held the first scout camp on Brownsea island, England.

The idea to hold the movement came when Baden-Powell and his men struggled to maintain the city of Mafeking, South Africa, the Boer army attacks. At that time, his army defeated the Boer armies compared. To outsmart, a group of young men formed and trained to become volunteer soldiers. Their main task is to help the military defend the city. They get the tasks mild but important, for example delivering a message that Baden-Powell was given to all members of the military in the city. It may be their job well done, so Baden-Powell's forces can defend the city of Mafeking during the several months. In recognition of the success they get, every member of the volunteer army was given a badge. Picture of the badge is then used as the logo of the international Scouting movement.

The success of Baden-Powell Mafeking made defending the city is considered to be a hero. He later wrote a book called Aids to Scouting (written in 1899), and became the best-selling book at that time.

In 1906, Ernest Thompson Seton Baden-Powell sent a book of his work called The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians. Seton, a British-Canadian descent living in the United States, often meeting with Baden-Powell and plan of a youth movement.

Meeting with Seton was encouraged to re-write his book, Aids to Scouting, with a new version, entitled Boy's Patrols. The book is intended as a guide for youth scouting at the time. Then, to test his ideas, he held a camp for 21 young people from various walks of life for a whole week, starting on August 1, Brownsea island, England. Method organization (now known as the patrol system patrol system or in English) became the key to scout training he was doing. This system requires the youth to form small groups, then pointing to one of them to become chairman of the group.

After her book was published and camp behind the success, Baden-Powell went on a tour planned by Arthur Pearson to promote his ideas to the whole of England. From these ideas, was made a book called Scouting For Boys, which is currently known as the scouting handbook (Boy Scout Handbook) first edition.

When Baden-Powell was expecting the book to give new ideas for some oraganisasi existing youth. But what happens, some boys spontaneously formed a new organization and asked Baden-Powell became their mentor. He agreed and began to encourage them to learn and practice and develop their organization was founded.

Along with the growing number of members, Baden-Powell led them increasingly difficult, it will need an assistant to help him. Therefore, he planned to establish a leadership training center for adults (Adult Leadership Training Center). In 1919, a park near London purchased as a training location. He also wrote a new book called Aids to Scoutmastership and several other books which he collected and put together in a book called Roverinng to Success for Rover Scouts in 1922.

CHAPTER II
ISI

A. History of Indonesian Scout Movement

The fact history shows that Indonesian youth have a major stake in the struggle for Indonesian independence movement and education and the development of a national scouting Indonesia. In the development of education seemed to any scouting drive and passion to unite, but there are symptoms of the Diversity organization.

Scouting organizations in Indonesia was initiated by the branch "Nederlandse Organisatie Padvinders" (NPO) in 1912, which at the time of the outbreak of World War I has Kwartir [[of his own and later renamed "Nederlands-Indische Vereeniging Padvinders" (NIPV) in 1916.

Scouting organizations initiated by the Indonesian people is Javaanse Padvinders Organisatie; stand on the initiative of SP Mangkunegara VII in 1916.

The fact that it was scouting senapas with the national movement, as mentioned above can be seen in the "Padvinder Muhammadiyah" which in 1920 renamed "Hisbul Wathon" (HW); "Nationale Padvinderij" founded by Budi Utomo; Syarikat Islam founded the "Syarikat Padvinderij Cambodgien Islam "which later changed to" Islamic States Cambodgien Pandu "and better known as SIAP, Islamietishe Padvinderij Nationale (NATIPIJ) was established by Bond Islamieten Jong (JIB) and Engels Padvinders Nationale Organisatie (inpo) was established by the Indonesian Youth.

United desire for scouting organizations that time Indonesia was started with the formation of PAPI is "Fraternity between Pandu Indonesia" is a federation of National Scout, inpo, SIAP, and PPS NATIPIJ on May 23, 1928.

The federation does not last long, because the intention of the fusion, resulting in the 1930 National Scout stands Indonesia (KBI) which was pioneered by the leaders of Jong Java Padvinders / Pandu Kebangsaan (JJP / PK), inpo and PPS (JJP-Jong Java Padvinderij); PK-Pandu Kebangsaan).

PAPI later evolved into the Central Bureau Scout Brotherhood Indonesia (BPPKI) in April 1938.

Between 1928-1935 Indonesia bermuncullah good scouting movement is the main breathing nationality or religion breathing. scouting the nation can breathe noted Pandu Indonesia (PI), Organisatie Padvinders Pasundan (POP), Pandu Sultanate (PK), Sinar Pandu We (PRSP) and Scout Rakyat Indonesia (KRI). Religion alive while Pandu Ansor, Al Wathoni, Hizbul Wathon, Scout Islam Indonesia (kft), Islamitische Padvinders Organisatie (IPO), Tri Darma (Christian), Principles of Catholic Scout Indonesia (LEG), Scout AD Indonesia (KMI).

In an effort to foster unity and unity, the National Center for Scout Brotherhood Indonesia BPPKI plan "All Indonesian Jamboree". These plans have been several changes both in time and name of the implementation of activities, which then agreed replaced with the "Scout Camp Indonesia Oemoem" PERKINO shortened and held on 19-23 July 1941 in Yogyakarta.

B. Period Dai Nippon Army
"Dai Nippon"! That is the name used to refer to Japan at that time. During World War II, Japanese troops made the attack and the Dutch left Indonesia. Party and the Indonesian people's organizations, including the scouting movement, banned standing. But efforts to organize PERKINO II remain to be done. Not only that, the scouting spirit burning in the chest of a anggotanya.Karena Scout organizations that achieve a high menjungjung therefore persatuan.Oleh Japanese nation does not allow Scouting was born on earth remains earth.


C. Period of the Republic of Indonesia
A month after the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia, some scouting leaders gathered in Yogyakarta and agreed to form a unity Scout Committee of Indonesia as a working committee, showing the formation of a scouting organization container for the entire Indonesian nation and the Congress of Unity held immediately Scout Indonesia.
Congress intended, held on 27-29 December 1945 in Surakarta with the formation of the People Pandu Indonesia. This association is supported by all the leadership and character and strengthened by the "Association of Sakti Promise", and the government of Indonesia recognized as the only scouting organization established by decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No.93/Bag. A, dated February 1, 1947.
Difficult years faced by Pandu Rakyat Indonesia for the Dutch attack. Even on the anniversary of independence August 17, 1948 when a bonfire was held in the courtyard of East Pegangsaan 56, Jakarta, Netherlands weapons threatened and forced Soeprapto to God, died as a Scout, as a patriot who proved his love for country, homeland and nation. In the Dutch-occupied areas, Pandu People's forbidden to stand,. This situation encouraged the establishment of other associations such as the Scout Putera Indonesia (KPI), Pandu Puteri Indonesia (PPI), Scout Indonesia Muda (KIM).
Period of armed struggle to defend the beloved country is also dedicated to the members of the scouting movement in Indonesia, then ended the period of armed struggle for independence mempertahakan enforce and that, at this time Rakyat Indonesia Pandu Second Congress held in Yogyakarta on 20-22 January 1950.
Congress, among others, decided to accept the new conception, which gives the opportunity for special classes for former menghidupakan back of each organization and opened an opportunity that Pandu Rakyat Indonesia is no longer the only scouting organization in Indonesia with the decision of the Minister of PP and K number 2344 / Kab. dated 6 September 1951 dicabutlah government's recognition that the Scout Rakyat Indonesia is the only container scouting in Indonesia, so the decision 93/Bag number. A dated February 1, 1947 it was over.
Maybe a bit strange too, if direnungi, for ten days after the decision of the Minister No. 2334/Kab. it out, then the representatives of the organization scouting Why konfersensi action in Jakarta. At the time this is exactly dated 16 September 1951 decided upon the establishment of Indonesian Scout Association (IPINDO) as a federation.

In 1953 became member Ipindo scouting worldwide
Ipindo a federation for sons scouting organizations, while for the organization, there are two federations daughter of PKPI (Scout Association of Puteri Indonesia) and POPPINDO (Persatuan Pandu Puteri Indonesia Organization). Both the federation together ever welcoming haven Lady Baden-Powell to Indonesia, on the way to Australia.
In commemoration of the Proclamation of Independence of the 10th National Jamboree held Ipindo, located in Ragunan, Sunday Market on 10-20 August 1955, Jakarta.
As a container implementing Ipindo scouting activities need to hold seminars in order to image an effort to ensure the purity and preservation of life scouting. This seminar was held at the Tugu, Bogor in January 1957.
This monument Seminar produce a formula that is expected to be used as a reference for every scouting movement in Indonesia. It is expected to be pramukaan are united. A year later in the month of November was 1958, the Government of Indonesia, in this case the Department of the PP and K held a seminar on Ciloto, Bogor, West Java, with the topic "Penasionalan Scout".
If Jamboree for son held in Ragunan, Jakarta Sunday Market, the camp held a large PKPI to daughter called Semanggi Village located in Ciputat. Semanggi Village was accomplished in 1959. In this year also send a contingent to Ipindo World Jamboree in MT. Makiling Philippines.
Well, the days and times before the birth of the Scout Movement.

D. Scouting Birth
Scouting movement was born in 1961, so if you would listen to the background of the birth of Scout Movement, one needs to assess the situation, events, and events around the year 1960.
From the expressions that have been presented before we see that the number of scouting associations in Indonesia at that time very much. The amount was not sepandan with the number of all members of the association.
Regulations arising during this pioneering the MPRS No. II/MPRS/1960, dated December 3, 1960 on the National development plans Planning Universe. In this ordinance can be found in Article 330. C. which states that basic education in the field scouting is the Pancasila. Beyond control of the scout (Article 741) and education to be intensified and scouting approve the Government plans to set up a Scout (Article 349 Paragraph 30). Then the Scouts to be released from the remnants of Lord Baden Powellisme (Appendix C Section 8).
Statutes that give the Government the obligation to carry it out. That's why Pesiden / Mandatory MPR on March 9, 1961 collecting figures and leaders of scouting movement of Indonesia, held at the State Palace. On Thursday evening that President revealed that Scouts who have had to update, methods and educational activities should be replaced, the entire existing scouting organizations merged into one called the Boy Scouts. The President also appointed a committee consisting of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, the Minister of P and K Prof. Prijono, Minister of Agriculture Dr.A. Azis Saleh and the Minister of Transmigration, Cooperatives and Community Development Village, Achmadi. This committee would have needed something ratification. And then terbitlah Presidential Decree No.112 of 1961 dated 5 April 1961, the Executive Committee Formation Assistant Scout Movement with the composition of membership as called by the President on March 9, 1961.
There is a difference as a committee or task of the President's speech by President's Decree.
Still in the month of April was also, out Presidential Decree No. 121 Year 1961 on 11 April 1961 concerning Establishment Committee Scout Movement. Members of this committee consists of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Prof.. Prijono, Dr. A. Azis Saleh, Achmadi and Muljadi Djojo Martono (Minister of Social Affairs).
This committee is then processed Scout Movement Statutes, as Appendix Presidential Decree No. 238 Year 1961, dated May 20, 1961 about the Scout Movement.

E. Birth Scout Movement
Scout Movement is marked by a series of interrelated events, namely:
1. Speech President / Mandatory MPR before the figures and leaders representing scouting organization listed in Indonesia on March 9, 1961 at the State Palace. This event is then known as TUNAS DAY BOY SCOUT MOVEMENT
• issuance of Presidential Decree No. 238 Year 1961, dated May 20, 1961, of the Scout Movement which set the Scout Movement as the only scouting organization that assigned scouting education for children and youth of Indonesia, and ratified the Articles of Association Scouts movement which is used as a guide, instructions and the handle for the Scout Movement manager in doing his job. Date is May 20; National Awakening Day, but for the Scout Movement has a special meaning and is a milestone for environmental education in the third. This event is then described as BEGINNING DAYS OF WORK.
• The scouting organization representatives in Indonesia who willingly immerse themselves into the Scout Movement organization, conducted at the Senayan Sports Palace on July 30, 1961. This event is later known as IKRAR DAY BOY SCOUT MOVEMENT.
2. Mapinas inauguration, Kwarnas and Kwarnari at the State Palace, followed by a procession Scouts to be introduced to people who preceded the granting of Panji-Panji Scout Movement, and this all occurred on the date of August 14, 1961. This event is later known as BOY SCOUT DAY.
F. Scouting Introduced
Speech by the President on March 9, 1961 was also outlined to the Proclamation of Independence memorial Scout Movement has been there and known by the public. Therefore, RI President's Decree No.238 of 1961 is necessary to support the board and its members.
According to the Statutes Scout Movement, led this organization is held by the National Leadership Council (MAPINAS) that contains the National Kwartir Scout Movement and the National Kwartir Daily.
Central Executive Board is composed by symbolically taking the sacred number 17-8-'45, which is composed of 45 members Mapinas of whom sat in Kwarnas in 17 men and 8 people Kwarnasri.
However, in its realization as such in the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Decree No.447 Year 1961, dated August 14, 1961 the total membership to 70 people Mapinas with details of the 70 members were among 17 people as members and 8 people Kwarnas among members of this Kwarnas Kwarnari members.
Chaired by Dr. Mapinas. Ir. Sukarno, President of the Republic of Indonesia with the Vice Chairman of I, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Vice Chairman II Brigadier General Dr.A. Aziz Saleh.
Meanwhile, in Kwarnas, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX Chairman and Brigadier General Dr.A. Aziz Saleh as Vice Chairman Chairman Kwarnari.
Scouting was officially introduced to all the people of Indonesia on August 14, 1961 not only in the capital Jakarta, but also in an important place in Indonesia. In Jakarta, some 10,000 members of the Scout Movement which held the Big Apple is followed by the development march and procession in front of the President and around Jakarta.
Before the parade activities / procession, the President inaugurated a member Mapinas, Kwarnas and Kwarnari, in state court, and delivered the token gift and honor of the National Scout Movement Panji Indonesia (Presidential Decree No.448 of 1961) which Kwartir diterimakan to the National Chairman, Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX just before the parade / procession begins.
Events introduction date of August 14, 1961 was then performed as a BOY SCOUT DAY commemorated each year by all levels and members of the Scout Movement.

CHAPTER III
Conclusion

Scout Movement is the name of the organization is a scouting vessel educational process conducted in Indonesia.
Scouting organizations in Indonesia was initiated by the branch "Nederlandse Organisatie Padvinders" (NPO) in 1912, which at the time of the outbreak of World War I had a big Kwartir own and later renamed "Nederlands-Indische Vereeniging Padvinders" (NIPV) in the year 1916 Events introduction date of August 14, 1961 was then performed as a BOY SCOUT DAY commemorated each year by all levels and members of the Scout Movement.